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发表于 2009-3-27 06:55
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运动系统 locomotor system
骨及骨连结 bone and joint
*骨学 osteology
**骨骼 skeleton
*骨骼系统 skeletal system
**骨 bone
中轴骨 axial skeleton
附肢骨 appendicular skeleton
*长骨 long bone
*短骨 short bone
*扁骨 flat bone
*不规则骨 irregular bone
**骨密质 compact bony substance
**骨松质 spongy bony substance
**骨膜 periosteum
骨内膜 endosteum
*黄骨髓 yellow bony marrow
**红骨髓 red bony marrow
骺 epiphysis
骨干 diaphysis
干骺端 metaphysis
*骺软骨 epiphysial cartilage
*骺线 epiphysial line
滋养孔 nutrient foramen
髓腔 medullary cavity
突 process
棘 spine
隆起 eminence
粗隆 tuberosity
结节 tuber, tubercle
嵴 crest
线 line
窝 concavity, fossa
凹 fovea
小凹 foveola
压迹 impression
腔 cavity
窦 autrum, sinus
管 canal, duct
孔 foramen,opening
口 mouth, apertura, aditus, ostium
裂孔 hiatus
髁 condyle
上髁 epicondyle
缘 margin
切迹 notch, incisura
纤维连结 fibrous joint
韧带连结 syndesmosis
缝 suture
软骨连结 cartilaginous joint
**关节 articulation, joint
**关节面 articular surface
关节软骨 articular cartilage
**关节囊 articular capsul
*纤维层 fibrous layer
*滑膜 synovial membrane
**关节腔 articular cavity
**韧带 ligament
**关节盘 articular disk
**关节半月板 articular meniscus
*关节唇 articular labrum
滑膜关节 synovial joint
平面关节 plane joint
球窝关节 ball and socket joint
椭圆关节 ellipsoid joint
车轴关节 pivot joint
鞍状关节 saddle joint
*屈 flexion
*伸 extension
*收 adduction
*展 abduction
*旋转 rotation
*环转 circumduction
*旋前 pronation
*旋后 supination
*外翻 eversion
*内翻 inversion
*背屈 dorsiflexion
*跖屈 plantarflexion
**椎骨 vertebrae
**脊柱 vertebral column
*椎管 vertebral canal
*椎体 vertebral body
*椎弓 vertebral arch
**椎间孔 intervertebral foramen
*椎孔 vertebral foramen
*棘突 spinous process
*横突 transverse process
上关节突 superior articular process
**颈椎 cervical vertebrae
*横突孔 transverse foramen
*寰椎 atlas
侧块 lateral mass
*枢椎 axis
齿突 dens
**胸椎 thoracic vertebrae
上肋凹 superior costal fovea
**腰椎 lumbar vertebrae
**骶骨 sacrum, sacral bone
骶骨岬 sacral promontory
*骶管裂孔 sacral hiatus
骶角 sacral horn
**尾骨 coccyx
**椎间盘 intervertebral disc
*纤维环 anulus fibrosus
*髓核 pulpiform nucleus
*黄韧带 ligaments flava
寰枕关节 atlanto-occipital joint
**肋 ribs, costae
*肋软骨 costal cartilage
*肋沟 costal groove
**肋弓 costal arch
**胸骨 sternum
胸骨柄 sternal manubrium
胸骨体 sternal body
**剑突 xiphoid process
**胸骨角 sternal angle
**胸廓 thoracic cage
肋椎关节 costovertebral joints
胸肋关节 sternocostal joints
**枕骨 occipital bone
枕骨髁 occipital condyle
*舌下神经管 hypoglossal canal
*枕骨大孔 foramen magnum
枕外隆凸 external occipital protuberance
*蝶骨 sphenoid bone
*蝶鞍 sella turcica
**垂体窝 hypophysial fossa
*视神经管 optic canal
鞍背 dorsum sellae
破裂孔 foramen lacerum
*圆孔 foramen rotundum
*卵圆孔 foramen ovale
*棘孔 foramen spinosum
*眶上裂 superior orbital fissure
大翼 greater wings
翼突 pterygoid process
**颞骨 temporal bone
岩部 petrous portion
*乳突 mastoid process
*面神经管 facial canal
肌咽鼓管 musculo-tubal canal
*内耳门 internal acoustic port
*茎突 styloid process
*茎乳孔 stylomastoid foramen
*外耳道 external acoustic meatus
*下颌窝 mandibular fossa
**顶骨 parietal bone
**额骨 frontal bone
**筛骨 ethmoid bone
下鼻甲 inferior nasal concha
泪骨 lacrimal bone
鼻骨 nasal bone
犁骨 vomer
**上颌骨 maxilla
眶下孔 infraorbital foramen
牙槽突 alveolar process
切牙管 incisive canal
*腭骨 palatine bone
*颧骨 zygomatic bone
**下颌骨 mandible
颏孔 mental foramen
冠突 coronoid process
下颌切迹 mandibular incisure
**舌骨 hyoid bone
颅盖 calvaria
外板 outer plate
内板 inner plate
*板障 diploe
**颅前窝 anterior cranial fossa
**颅中窝 middle cranial fossa
**颅后窝 posterior cranial fossa
颞窝 temporal fossa
*颧弓 zygomatic arch
*颞下窝 infratemporal fossa
*翼腭窝 pterygopalatine fossa
*翼点 pterion
*颈动脉管 carotid canal
*颈静脉孔 jugular foramen
腭大孔 greater palatine foramen
**眶 orbit
眶上孔 supraorbital foramen
眶下孔 infraorbital foramen
**骨性鼻腔 bony nasal cavity
**鼻腔 nasal cavity
*鼻旁窦 paranasal sinus
*上颌窦 maxillary sinus
*蝶窦 sphenoidal sinus
*额窦 frontal sinus
*筛窦 ethmoidal sinus
鼻中隔 nasal septum
上(中, 下)鼻道 superior(middle, inferior) nasal meatus
颅囟 cranial fontanelle
前囟 anterior fontanelle
冠状缝 coronary suture
矢状缝 sagital suture
人字缝 lambdoid suture
**颞下颌关节 temporomandibular joint
**肩胛骨 scapula
*肩峰 acromion
*关节盂 glenoid cavity
*喙突 coracoid process
**锁骨 clavicle
**肱骨 humerus
大结节 greater tubercle
小结节 lesser tubercle
*解剖颈 anatomical neck
*外科颈 surgical neck
鹰嘴窝 olecranon fossa
*内上髁 medial epicondyle
**桡骨 radius
环状关节面 articular circumference
**尺骨 ulna
鹰嘴 olecranon
滑车切迹 trochlear notch
**腕骨 carpal bones, carpus
舟骨 scaphoid bone
三角骨 triquetral bone
豌豆骨 pisiform bone
大多角骨 trapezium bone
小多角骨 trapezoid bone
头状骨 capitate bone
钩骨 hamate bone
**掌骨 metacarpal bones
**指骨 phalanges of fingers
*胸锁关节 sternoclavicular joint
**肩关节 shoulder joint
盂唇 glenoid labrum
**肘关节 elbow joint
*桡骨环状韧带 annular ligament of radius
*桡尺近侧关节 proximal radioulnar joint
桡尺远侧关节 distal radioulnar joint
**腕关节 wrist joint
腕掌关节 carpometacarpal joint
掌指关节 metacarpophalangeal joint
指间关节 interphalangeal joint
**髋骨 hip bone
*髋臼 acetabulum
*闭孔 obturater foramen
**髂骨 ilium
髂嵴 iliac crest
**坐骨 ischium
**耻骨 pubis
**骨盆 pelvis
**股骨 femur
大转子 greater trochanter
髁间窝 intercondylar fossa
**髌骨 patella
**胫骨 tibia
髁间隆起 intercondylar eminence
*内踝 medial malleolus
**腓骨 fibula
*外踝 lateral malleolus
**跗骨 tarsal bone, tarsus
距骨 talus
**跟骨 calcaneus
足舟骨 navicular bone
内侧楔骨 medial cuneiform bone
骰骨 cuboid bone
**跖骨 metatarsal bones
**趾骨 phalanges of toes
*耻骨联合 pubic symphysis
*骶髂关节 sacroiliac joint
*骶结节韧带 sacrotuberous ligament
*骶棘韧带 sacrospinous ligament
**髋关节 hip joint
**膝关节 knee joint
*半月板 meniscus
*交叉韧带 cruciate ligaments
**踝关节 ankle joint
跗骨间关节 intertarsal joint
距跟关节 talocalcaneal joint
跗横关节 transverse tarsal joint
跗跖关节 tarsometatarsal joints
跖趾关节 metatarsophalangeal joints
(二)肌肉 muscles
肌学 myology
肌肉系统 muscular system
**肌 muscle
**骨骼肌 skeletal muscle
**肌腹 muscle belly
**肌头 head of muscle
腱膜 aponeurosis
起点 origin
止点 insertion
**筋膜 fascia
*浅筋膜 superficial fascia
*深筋膜 deep fascia
滑膜囊 synovial bursa
*腱鞘 tendinous sheath
**斜方肌 trapezius
**背阔肌 latissimus dorsi
**竖脊肌 erector spinae
胸腰筋膜 thoracolumbar fascia
颈阔肌 platysma
**胸锁乳突肌 sternocleidomastoid
**斜角肌 scalenus
**胸大肌 pectoralis major
*胸小肌 pectoralis minor
*前锯肌 serratus anterior
**膈 diaphragm
**中心腱 central tendon
**腹直肌 rectus abdominis
**腹直肌鞘 sheath of rectus abdominis
白线 linea alba
**腹外斜肌 obliquus externus abdominis
**腹内斜肌 obliquus internus abdominis
**腹横肌 transversus abdominis
**腰大肌 psoas major
**髂腰肌 iliopsoas
**腹股沟韧带 inguinal ligament
*腹股沟管 inguinal canal
腹股沟管浅环 superficial inguinal ring
*面肌 facial muscles
枕额肌 occipitofrontal muscle
帽状腱膜 gelea aponeurotica
**咀嚼肌 masticatory muscles
咬肌 masseter
颞肌 temporalis
**三角肌 deltoid
大圆肌 teres major
小圆肌 teres minor
**肱二头肌 biceps brachii
**肱三头肌 triceps brachii
*肱桡肌 brachioradialis
*旋前圆肌 pronator teres
*桡侧腕屈肌 flexor carpi radialis
*掌长肌 palmaris longus
*尺侧腕屈肌 flexor carpi ulnaris
*指浅屈肌 flexor digitorum superficialis
指深屈肌 flexor digitorum profundus
拇长屈肌 flexor pollicis longus
旋前方肌 pronator quadratus
桡侧腕长伸肌 extensor carpi radialis longus
桡侧腕短伸肌 extensor carpi radialis brevis
指伸肌 extensor digitorum
*旋后肌 supinator
*蚓状肌 lumbricales
*骨间肌 interossei
**臀大肌 gluteus maximus
**梨状肌 piriformis
**股四头肌 quadriceps femoris
**髌韧带 patellar ligament
缝匠肌 sartorius
*股二头肌 biceps femoris
*半腱肌 semitendinosus
*半膜肌 semimembranosus
*腓骨长肌 peroneus longus
*腓骨短肌 peroneus brevis
*胫骨前肌 tibialis anterior
**小腿三头肌 triceps surae
*腓肠肌 gastrocnemius
*比目鱼肌 soleus
*跟腱 tendo calcaneus |
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